The Lake District is one of my favourite places in the UK and a place I recommend any traveller to visit. It's quintessentially British with an abundance of countryside, plenty of small pubs and it always rains... the rain aside, the summers in the Lake District aren't too bad and I've seen my fair share of sunshine there, but I would take a waterproof coat and some decent shoes just in case.
A good few days could cover pretty much the essentials, unless you're a really keen walker so you could easily spend a week here exploring all the different route across the District National park. But if you only have a weekend then there is plenty to fit it. Rambling among the little towns and trying out different cafes and pubs is the way I would spend my weekend but there is also a fair few tourist things you can do as well.